Hypocrisy Unveiled: Exploring Logical Fallacies and Navigating the Appeal to Hypocrisy. Free PowerPoint and Videos
Hypocrisy Unveiled: Exploring Logical Fallacies and Navigating the Appeal to Hypocrisy
Hypocrisy Unveiled: Exploring Logical Fallacies and Navigating the Appeal to Hypocrisy
What are logical fallacies?
Logical fallacies are like landmines; easy to overlook until you find them the hard way.
One of the most important components of learning in college is academic discourse, which requires argumentation and debate. Argumentation and debate inevitably lend themselves to flawed reasoning and rhetorical errors. Many of these errors are considered logical fallacies. Logical fallacies are commonplace in the classroom, in formal televised debates, and perhaps most rampantly, on any number of internet forums.
But what is a logical fallacy? And just as important, how can you avoid making logical fallacies yourself? Whether youโre in college, or preparing to go to college; whether youโre on campus or in an online bachelorโs degree program, it pays to know your logical fallacies. This article lays out some of the most common logical fallacies you might encounter, and that you should be aware of in your own discourse and debate.
A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning common enough to warrant a fancy name. Knowing how to spot and identify fallacies is a priceless skill. It can save you time, money, and personal dignity. There are two major categories of logical fallacies, which in turn break down into a wide range of types of fallacies, each with their own unique ways of trying to trick you into agreement.
A Formal Fallacy
A breakdown in how you say something. The ideas are somehow sequenced incorrectly. Their form is wrong, rendering the argument as noise and nonsense.
An Informal Fallacy
Denotes an error in what you are saying, that is, the content of your argument. The ideas might be arranged correctly, but something you said isnโt quite right. The content is wrong or off-kilter.
Tu Quoque/Appeal to hypocrisy
The โtu quoque,โ Latin for โyou too,โ is also called the โappeal to hypocrisyโ because it distracts from the argument by pointing out hypocrisy in the opponent. This tactic doesnโt solve the problem, or prove oneโs point, because even hypocrites can tell the truth. Focusing on the other personโs hypocrisy is a diversionary tactic. In this way, using theย tu quoqueย typically deflects criticism away from yourself by accusing the other person of the same problem or something comparable. If Jack says, โMaybe I committed a little adultery, but so did you Jason!โ Jack is trying to diminish his responsibility or defend his actions by distributing blame to other people. But no one elseโs guilt excuses his own guilt. No matter who else is guilty, Jack is still an adulterer.
Theย tu quoqueย fallacy is an attempt to divert blame, but it really only distracts from the initial problem. To be clear, however, it isnโt a fallacy to simply point out hypocrisy where it occurs. For example, Jack may say, โyes, I committed adultery. Jill committed adultery. Lots of us did, but Iโm still responsible for my mistakes.โ In this example, Jack isnโt defending himself or excusing his behavior. Heโs admitting his part within a larger problem. The hypocrisy claim becomes aย tu quoqueย fallacy only when the arguer uses some (apparent) hypocrisy to neutralize criticism and distract from the issue.
Hypocrisy Unveiled: Exploring Logical Fallacies and Navigating the Appeal to Hypocrisy
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Logical Fallacies
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